1) According to feminists an androcentric bias in research is the direct result of______________? a. the funding of certain projects b. assuming that men and women are the same c. women not being objective d. using males as the accepted norm e. a lack of female researchers
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2) In participant observation research the role of the “complete” participant forces the researcher to be_______________? a. with the group for months and sometimes years b. discreet about his/her research c. close to the leadership of the group that he/she is studying d. open and honest about his/her intentions e. taking copious notes
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3) A data collection method in which the researcher does not interact with the subject(s) being studied is called_______________? a. an unobtrusive b. field research c. qualitative analysis d. content analysis e. ethnography
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4) Reading a number of books and journals regarding crime in Canada is a good example of______________? a. qualitative research b. ethnography c. secondary research d. field research e. non-participant observation
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5) A major disadvantage of using mail naires to collect data is____________? a. the cost of the stamps b. the response rates c. the inability to follow-up d. some respondents are paranoid e. the mail is slow
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6) A survey that asks the respondent to indicate their age and includes response categories of age 20-30 age 30-40 age 40 50 and age 50+ violates which important rule for constructing closed-ended items for naires ? a. exhaustive b. tangible c. comprehensive d. relevant e. mutually exclusive
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7) In order to qualify as a random sample______________? a. at least 100 people must be selected b. every sub-sample of the population must be represented c. every member of the population must have an equal chance of being chosen d. a phone book must be used to generate random names. e. the researcher must pre-test the subjects
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8) A researcher was able to prove that, on average as age increases eyesight declines In research terminology this is called a (n) ? a. variation b. correlation c. observation d. measure of central tendency e. spurious relationship
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9) A mean, median and mode are all examples of_______________? a. measures of variation b. measures of central tendency c. measures of enumeration d. measures of correlation e. measures of coefficients
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10) _____________ uses multiple data collection methods on the same area of interest? a. Triangulation b. Ethnography c. Field research d. Variation e. Cluster sampling
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11) When a number of researchers use the same operational definition to measure a variable and achieve the same results the measure is said to be_______________? a. valid b. reliable c. factual d. internally consistent e. instrumental
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12) The concepts in a hypothesis are stated as______________? a. variables b. populations c. ideas d. indices e. theories
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13) In sociology_______________? a. theory always precedes research b. theory can be developed independent of research c. research always precedes theory d. the relationship between theory and research is cyclical e. research is dictated by the theoretical perspective
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14) An instructor wants to determine if giving essay tests increases student learning In one class that the instructor teaches she continues to test as she has always done In another class She then measures the differences in learning if any between the two classes The class that is given essay s is the______________? a. control group b. representative group c. experimental group d. correlation group
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15) A researcher can obtain a higher response rate by using which type of survey ? a. interviews b. naires c. representative samples d. observation techniques
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16) In order to genuinely reflect a broad range of the population a survey must be based on precise ? a. representative sampling b. experiments c. surveys d. hypotheses
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17) A detailed plan or method for obtaining data scientifically called a (n) ? a. sample b. experiment c. research design d. scientific method
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18) Formulating the hypothesis is the _________ step in the scientific method? a. first b. second c. third d. fourth
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19) Standard deviation in statistics is the measure that indicates in the essence of______________? a. Central tendency b. spread of the sample means/values c. Both A an B d. None of these
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20) A double barreled has the potential of having______________? a. two respectable responses/answers b. two answers but incompatible with each other c. Both A and B d. None of these
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21) An overall scheme of scientific activities which scientists engage in order to produce knowledge is a________________? a. Research process b. Research model c. Research methodology d. Research design
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22) Which one of these is a measure of dispersion ? a. parameter b. range c. median d. mean
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23) Which of these is NOT viewed as a strength of surveys ? a. they are often undertaken by specialist agencies b. they offer an appearance of precision c. the data is easy to quantify and analyses d. large numbers of people can be studied
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24) Which of these terms is the odd one out ______________? a. causation b. correlation c. association d. connection
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25) When in sociology we speak of researchers using controls, we mean_______________? a. being as precise as possible in defining an initial hypothesis b. holding some variables constant to look at the effects of others c. supervising the data collection process as closely as possible d. seeking to manipulate the outcomes of a research process
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26) Tearoom Trade is typical of the s asked by sociologists because______________? a. it takes place outside the university campus b. it makes use of covert research methods c. it investigates working of society that are different from official accounts d. the investigator is sympathetic to the activities that he is investigating
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27) Eyeballing is a technique that involves________________? a. reading a textual document quickly to understand the gist of it b. gathering a sample from whoever you can see in a public place c. scanning a table to identify general patterns and significant figures d. keeping your eyes on research participants at all times
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28) According to Scott (1990) a document is authentic if it________________? a. is a sincere and accurate account free from political bias b. is representative of all the similar documents that did not survive c. has both a literal and an interpretable meaning d. is a sound original, or reliable copy of known authorship
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29) Ethnographic research produces qualitative data because_____________? a. the findings are amenable to statistical analysis b. it is conducted over a period of several years c. it uncovers rich detailed accounts from an insider’s perspective d. it compares findings from a number of different cases
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30) A survey should avoid asking_____________? a. fixed-choice questions s b. short questions s c. leading questions d. funneled questions s
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31) Which of the following is not a research purpose ? a. triangulation b. explanation c. description d. exploration
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32) Society cannot be studied in the same way as the natural world because_______________? a. human behavior is meaningful and varies between individuals and cultures b. it is difficult for sociologists to gain access to a research laboratory c. sociologists are not rational or critical enough in their approach d. we cannot collect empirical data about social life
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33) Which one of the following statements is not part of the Code of Ethics developed by the American Sociological Association? Researchers must_______________? a. acknowledge research collaboration and assistance b. preserve the confidentiality of their subjects c. protect their subjects from personal harm d. make all research notes available for public scrutiny
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34) An instructor wants to determine if giving essay tests increases student learning one class that the instructor teaches she continues to test as she has always done In another class she gives the students essay s She then measures the differences in learning if any between the two classes The class that is given essay s is the_______________? a. control group b. representative group c. experimental group d. correlation group
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35) William F Whyte’s study of a low-income Italian neighborhood in Boston was a classic example of_____________? a. participant observation research b. a survey c. content analysis d. an experiment
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36) Which of the following would be an example of a random sample? A researcher_________________? a. administers a naira to every fifth woman who enters a business office b. examines the attitudes of residents of a city by interviewing every twentieth name in the city,s telephone book c. studies the attitudes of Democratic voters by choosing every tenth name found on a city,s list of registered Democrats d. None of the above
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37) The study of the interracial friendships conducted by the Tom Smith who heads up the General Social Survey is an example of________________? a. observation research b. a survey c. content analysis d. an experiment
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38) In most instances how well a student does on a test is determined by how much the student studies for it in this example studying for an exam is a(n)_____________? a. correlation b. independent variable c. dependent variable d. sample
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39) The first step in any sociological research project is to_________________? a. collect data b. define the problem c. review previous research d. formulate a hypothesis
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40) Pure Sociology is a search for knowledge without primary concern for its______________? a. Basic understanding b. Practical use c. Applied use d. None of these
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41) Sometimes the scientist personally participates in some experiment to observe it fully It is Known as_____________? a. Personal studies b. Participant-observer studies c. Observational studies d. None of these
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42) If the information needed has already been written down somewhere it is looked up. It is called_____________? a. Observational studies b. Sociological analysis c. Statistical Comparative studies d. None of these
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43) In observational studies the scientist observes_______________? a. the things that happen by themselves b. Are arranged knowingly c. both a and b d. None of these
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44) In laboratory experiments the sociological research is done while people are_______________? a. brought into laboratory b. Kept in their homes and observed c. are not told about experiment d. None of these
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45) Karl Pearson said “The unity of all science consists alone in its methods not in its material It relates to the importance of______________? a. Scientific research b. Scientific method c. Science unity d. None of these
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46) Which of these NOT viewed as a strength of surveys ? a. they are often undertaken by specialist agencies b. they offer an appearance of precision c. the data is easy to quantify and analyses d. large numbers of people can be studied
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47) One strength of ethnography is that______________? a. the influence of specific variables can be controlled by the investigator b. it usually generates richer and more in-depth information than other methods c. it is essential when a study is primarily historical or has a historical dimension d. it can only be used to study relatively small groups or communities
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48) An association between two variables which is in fact caused by other factor(s) is called a_____________? a. multiple regression b. causal mechanism c. spurious correlation d. multinomial distribution
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49) Bias in research practice refers to_____________? a. the investigator being committed to a particular ideology b. the research team prejudging the meaning of the data c. the data being unbalanced by the design or execution of the research d. interpretations being applied to the results
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50) Science aims to be both______________? a. philosophical and progressive b. complex and against commonsense c. experimental and statistical d. valid and reliable
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51) What is meant by reflexivity in sociological research ? a. research findings feed back into society and as a result may change it b. research findings empower the general public making them more confident c. research funders have control over research findings and who has access d. sociologists learn more about the society they live in
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52) Which of these is not an example of a qualitative research method ? a. survey research b. ethnography c. focus groups d. biographical research
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53) What is the initial element of sociological research ? a. review the evidence b. define the research problem c. create a research design d. carry out a research design
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54) Laud Humphreys study Tearoom Trade (1970) is an example of______________? a. historical research b. survey research c. participant observation d. experimental design
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55) When a research is not deceptive about the field research that he/she is this person is probably assuming the role of____________? a. secondary observer b. participant-as-observer c. complete participant d. ethnographer e. social scientist
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56) In order for field research to be successful the researcher must be________________? a. tactful b. creative c. unobtrusive d. fluent in several languages e. discreet
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57) Collecting information regarding crime control from several countries would be a good example of a(n)_________________? a. ethnography b. field research c. an international approach d. content analysis e. comparative approach
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58) The major advantage of interviews is________________? a. that people are more likely to be honest b. they are not time consuming c. the interviewer can guess the age of the respondent d. the response rate is high e. that the researcher can ask more detailed s
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59) A survey that asks the respondent to indicate their level of education and includes response categories of some high school high school and university violated which important rule for constructing close-ended items for naires ? a. exhaustive b. mutually exclusive c. comprehensive d. tangible e. relevant
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60) Closed-ended s increase the return rate of the naire because___________? a. the s is clearly worded b. they cover the return postage c. the answers are mutually exclusive d. they are easy and quick to answer e. they involve no thought on the part of the respondent.
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