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1) The first stage of the demographic transition is called the________________? a. Pre-transition stage b. transition stage c. post transition stage d. initiation stage
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2) The final stage in demographic transition is marked by_______________? a. high birthrates and death rates b. high birthrates and low death rates c. low birthrates and high death rates d. low birthrates and low death rates
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3) Which of the following is a criticism of the sick role ? a. Patients judgments regarding their own state of health may be related to their gender age social class and ethnic group b. The sick role may be more applicable to people experiencing short-term illnesses than those with recurring long-term illnesses c. Even simple factors such as whether a person is employed or not seem to affect willingness to assume the sick role d. all of the above
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4) For Thomas Robert Malthus the appropriate way to control population was to_____________? a. use artificial means of birth control b. postpone marriage c. pass legislation prohibiting families from having more than one child d. do all of the above
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5) GM crops are different from anything that has existed before because ______________? a. they are produced by techniques of cross-breeding b. they are capable of drastically improving agricultural yields c. they involve transplanting genes between different organisms d. they have become front-page stories in the news everyday
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6) In the on-going climate change debates which of these groups is least likely to be identified as having an interest in overemphasizing the need for global action on climate change ? a. the media b. fossil fuel corporations c. academic climate change researchers d. countries such as the Maldives at risk of rising sea levels
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7) Which of the following vehicles emits the most carbon per passenger per kilometer ? a. single-occupancy light truck b. high-occupancy city bus c. long-haul aero plane d. high-speed coal-fired train
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8) Which of the following is not part of ecological modernization theory ? a. environmental protection and economic growth are incompatible aims b. environmental protection cannot be achieved without high tech solutions c. an ecological form of economic growth is possible d. consumer demand and market mechanisms can bring about ecologically benign outcomes
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9) Which one of these statements is correct _______________? a. global warming is simply another term for the greenhouse effect b. global warming is a problem caused mainly by unregulated industrialization in the developing countries c. global warming is the rise in average temperature at Earth’s surface d. global warming is an entirely natural phenomenon
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10) Which perspective on environmental issues tends to adopt an agnostic stance towards the severity of the problem itself ? a. critical realism b. social constructionism c. structural Marxism d. ecofeminism
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11) Environmental issues were central to the work of_____________? a. Karl Marx b. Emile Durkheim c. Max Weber d. None of these
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12) Urban gentrification is an example of____________? a. segregation b. invasion c. redlining d. none of these
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13) Which model of city growth describes the city as a central business district surrounded by a zone in transition than a zone of workingmen’s homes residential zones, and the commuters. zone ? a. the multiple nuclei model b. the sector models c. the concentric circle models d. the social area analysis model
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14) Which of the following did NOT restrict the size of postindustrial cities ? a. the clash of values and culture of people who came together b. poor transportation c. difficulty securing large areas from outside threats d. Sewage-polluted water supplies
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15) Coercive and punitive measures to reduce fertility have aroused considerable indignation among many citizens in Western nations. Such measures have included_____________? a. Italy’s practice of punishing couples who have two or more children. b. china’s practice of fining a woman who is pregnant with a second child 20 per cent of her pay if she refuses to have an abortion. c. France’s elimination of tax deductions for families with more than two children. d. Brazil’s refusal to grant a divorce to couples with children
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16) According to demographic transition theory, both birth and death rates are high in which stages of demographic transition ? a. the first stage b. the second stage c. the third stage d. the first and third stage
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17) According to Malthus____________? a. human populations tend to increase more slowly than their ability to increase the food supply. b. agricultural production increases in a geometric fashion. c. people could use “moral restraint” to reduce the birth rate. d. famine war and pestilence are social problems that a population can overcome.
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18) The growth rate is the difference between______________? a. immigration and emigration rates. b. births and deaths c. fertility and fecundity d. none of the above
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19) The _______ is the number of deaths per 1000 inhabitants in specific age group ? a. crude death rate b. age-specific death rate c. infant mortality rate d. targeted mortality rate
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20) _______ is the term for the science dealing with the size, distribution composition and the changes in population ? a. Demography b. Ecology c. Popology d. Stratification
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21) Demographic Transition exhibits_____________? a. High birth rate and low death rate in its first phase b. High death rate and low birth rate in its first phase c. High birth rate and high death rate in its first phase d. None of these
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22) What was the system of forced racial segregation in South Africa known as ____________? a. apartheid b. ethnic cleansing c. multiculturalism d. assimilation
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23) The activity of measuring and explaining the size of populations is known as___________________? a. Malthusianism b. demography c. forecasting d. official statistics
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24) Between 1968 and 1998 global life expectancy at birth has______________? a. risen from 56 to 67 years b. fallen from 50 to 47 years c. risen from 50 to 61 years d. fallen from 54 to 50 years
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25) The compulsion of proximity describes____________? a. wanting to meet face-to-face whenever possible b. seeking experience of intimacy on the Internet c. traveling to see foreign locations for holidays d. creating feelings of security in on-line settings
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26) The demographic transition is social trend that involves____________? a. a reduction in population size caused by a higher rate of emigration than immigration b. a change in the principal causes of death and disease since industrialization c. increased birth and death rates resulting in a relatively young population d. a decline in the birth rate greater life expectancy and an ageing population
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27) Which country is currently experiencing a negative birth-rate ? a. China b. Bangladesh c. Iran d. Tunisia
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28) Demographers who once believed that the U.S population would stabilize between 290 and 300 million people now believe that it will stabilize at around 390 million people because its________________? a. overall birth-rate will increase significantly in the early part of the new century b. life expectancy at birth will shortly increase to nearly 100 years of age c. immigration rate is expected to remain high d. all of the above
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29) Which of the following nations has the lowest infant mortality rate ? a. the United States b. Mozambique c. Canada d. Sweden
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30) The systematic widespread withdrawal of investment in basic aspects of productivity such as factories and plants are called______________? a. deindustrialization b. downsizing c. post industrialization d. “banana time”
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31) Our demographic situation provides us with an extraordinary opportunity we can_____________? a. educate and use this resource b. Send educated abroad c. both a and b d. None of these
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32) It was estimated 148.72 million according to______________? a. 2003 census b. 2004 census c. 2005 census d. None of these
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33) A country becomes over populated when_____________? a. Its population exceeds set limit b. Its resources fail to cope with its requirement c. None of these d. Both of these
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34) Over population is also one of the major causes of_______________? a. unemployment b. Inflation c. Poverty d. All of the above
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35) Economic growth will keep pace with population growth only if there is_______________? a. Available acreage b. Improved technology c. Motivation to achieve d. None of these
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36) The population of the world is expected to double in the next________? a. 35 years b. 75 years c. 100 years d. None of these
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37) Why do sociologists use the category race ? a. it distinguishes between biological and social factors b. it denotes something fixed and unchanging c. it is a social category which has real effects on people lives d. it enables comparisons between groups in different countries
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38) The demographic transition refers to_____________? a. an increase in the birth rate b. an increase in the death rate c. an exponential growth in population d. a change in the ratio of births to deaths
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39) The potential number of children that women are capable of bearing is called_______________? a. fertility b. fecundity c. femininity d. facticity
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40) According to United nations estimates by 2025 the worlds average life expectancy will have reached_________________? a. 46 b. 54 c. 71 d. 80
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41) In stage 3 of the health transition the main causes of illness and death are____________? a. acute infectious diseases such as typhus measles and cholera b. respiratory diseases such as pneumonia and asthma c. chronic degenerative diseases such as cancer heart disease and strokes d. too diverse to put into one category
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42) The general fertility rate fell between 1964 and 2000 because of_______________? a. increases in the age of marriage and the age at which childbearing begins b. there being fewer women of childbearing age than there were in the first half of the century c. errors in the measurement of birth rates and production of statistics d. the risk diseases caused by poverty poor housing and bad sanitation
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43) The first stage of the demographic transition is called the_____________? a. pretransition stage b. transition stage c. post transition stage initiation stage d. initiation stage
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44) The final stage in demographic transition is marked by_____________? a. high birth-rates and death rates b. high birth-rates and low death rates c. low birth-rates and high death rates d. low birth-rates and low death rates
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45) Of the following nations life expectancy at birth is highest in____________? a. Japan b. United States c. Gambia d. unknown
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46) According to the United States Department of Labor about _______ percent of “downsized “employees find new jabs ? a. 75 b. 14 c. 19 d. 28
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47) While predictions are not always reliable sociologists and labor specialists foresee a workforce increasingly composed of_____________? a. women b. racial minorities c. ethnic minorities d. all of the above
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48) Education of women is the most important step in_____________? a. coping illiteracy b. Eradicating poverty c. Controlling Population d. None of these
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49) Pakistanis population was only_______ million at the time of Independence? a. 33 b. 40 c. 25 d. None of these
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50) One the positive side population also provides ? a. Low cast labor b. Work force c. technological advancement d. None of these
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51) Total inhabitants of an area at a given time is termed as_____________? a. community b. Society c. Population d. None of these
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52) Global economic inequality refers primarily to_____________? a. systematic differences in wealth and income between global firms b. systematic differences in wealth and income between countries c. systematic differences in wealth and income within countries d. systematic differences in wealth and income between poorer countries
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53) Median earnings are a better benchmark for poverty than mean earnings because_____________? a. the mean is distorted by a few people at the very top of the distribution b. they lead more people to be defined as in poverty c. the median is a more accurate measurement of earning than the mean d. all of the above
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54) The term feminization of poverty refers to_____________? a. the critical deconstruction of poverty by feminist theorists b. women’s increased chances of being in poverty due to low pay and greater welfare dependency c. the way in which managing a budget and avoiding poverty tends to be a women’s responsibility within the home d. the disproportionate number of female sociologists who do research on poverty
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55) The functionalist theory of inequality suggests that_____________? a. high rewards and incentives ensure that the most skilled individuals will take the most important social positions b. inequality is inevitable, and we are born into poverty or wealth c. there are no social functions of inequality, so it should be eradicated d. the idea of a meritocracy is a dangerous ideology
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56) The absolute poverty line is drawn to show_____________? a. the most extreme level of poverty that is found in a society b. the estimated minimum level of income needed for subsistence c. households that are poor relative to the norms and values of their culture d. the areas of a city in which poverty is concentrated
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57) Middle classes tend to be the main beneficiaries of social benefits and service aimed at poor This is called as____________? a. Class factor b. Mathew effect c. Cultural Cause d. None of these
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58) According to World Bank in 2030 larger proportion of poor will be living in_____________? a. Asia b. Africa c. South America d. None of these
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59) The standard food intake for an adult male is_____________? a. 1000-1500 calories b. 1500-2000 c. 2000-2500 d. None of these
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60) The Bretton Woods institutions are______________? a. The international Monetary Fund and the World Bank b. The World Trade Organization and the World Bank c. The International Monetary Fund and the World Health Organization d. The United Nations and the World Trade Organization
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