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1) Oxygen as an emergency drug is contraindicated in______________? a. Anaphylaxis b. Asthma c. Hyperventilation d. COPD
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2) The quantity of water lost in expired air each 24 hrs is about___________? a. 200 ML b. 400 ML c. 600 ML d. 800 ML
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3) Which of the following adaptations will be apt to increase the work capacity at high altitude_________________? a. Increased workload, decreasing duration of exercise b. Increased workload, increasing duration of exercise c. Decreasing workload, increasing duration of exercise d. Decreasing workload, decreasing duration of exercise
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4) Bronchial circulation is associated with__________________? a. Air conditioning b. Drug absorption c. Gaseous exchange d. Reserve volume
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5) The work of breathing__________________? a. is inversely related to lung compliance b. remains constant during exercise c. is not affected by respiratory d. decreased in lying posture
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6) Shift of the oxygen dissociation curve to right is caused by the following factors EXCEPT_______________? a. Increased 2,3 BPG b. Increased temperature c. Increased concentration of carbon – di – oxide d. Increased concentration of oxygen
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7) At high altitudes the following changes takes place except_______________? a. Increase in respiratory rate b. Increases in depth of respiration c. Increase in oxygen carrying capacity of blood d. Increase in partial pressure of CO2
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8) Which of the following statements about pulmonary surfactant is false ? a. It is secreted by Type II pneumocytes b. It contains lecithin and sphingomyelin c. It increases surface tension d. It prevents collapse of smaller alveoli
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9) Increase in partial pressure of CO2 leading to release of oxygen to the tissues is________________? a. Haldane effect b. Bohr effect c. Breur effect d. Hamburger effect
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10) Ventilation perfusion ratio is maximum in_______________? a. Base of lung b. Apex of lung c. Posterior lobe of lung d. Middle lobe of lung
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11) Vital capacity is a measure of________________? a. Tidal volume b. Inspiratory reserve volume plus expiratory volume c. Tidal volume plus inspiratory reserve volume plus expiratory reserve volume d. Expiratory reserve volume plus reserve volume
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12) Oxygen affinity decreases in_________________? a. Hypoxia b. Hypothermia c. HbF d. Increased pH
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13) Arterial O2 content is reduced in one of following ______________? a. Stagnant hypoxia b. Anemic hypoxia c. Histotoxic hypoxia d. Hypoxic or arterial hypoxia
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14) Oxygen affinity is increased by all except_________________? a. Alkalosis b. Hypoxia c. Increased HbF d. Hypothermia
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15) Non- respiratory function of the lung is_________________? a. Dopamine metabolism b. Adrenaline metabolism c. Serotonin metabolism d. PGE2 production
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16) Smoking causes_____________? a. Ciliary motility b. Cellular hyperplasia c. Mucous secretion d. All of the above
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17) Limitation of inspiration by vagal lung inflation signals is called the______________? a. Autonomic reflex b. Bainbridge reflex c. Herring – Breur reflex d. Dynamic stretch reflex
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18) Cyanosis or bluish coloration of skin and mucus membrane depends upon______________? a. The relative proportion of reduced and oxygenated hemoglobin b. The absolute amount of reduced hemoglobin c. Thickness of the skin d. Fragility of capillaries
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19) During the initial part of inspiration, which of the following does not occur ? a. Intrapulmonary pressure falls b. Intra thoracic pressure rises c. Intra-abdominal pressure rises d. The partial pressure of O2 in dead space rises
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20) What effect does hyperventilation have on the oxygen binding affinity of hemoglobin ? a. P50 and oxygen affinity decrease b. P 50 and oxygen affinity increase c. P 50 decreases and the oxygen affinity increases d. P50 increase and the oxygen affinity decreases
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21) The best stimulator of respiratory center is____________? a. Decrease in arterial carbon dioxide level b. Increase in arterial carbon dioxide level c. Increase in arterial oxygen level d. None of the above
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22) Oxygen dissociation curve shifts to the right by all of the following except_____________? a. Rise in temperature b. Rise in carbon dioxide tension c. Rise in pH d. Rise in H+ ion
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23) Most effective method of assessing breathing is by measuring____________? a. Tidal volume b. Respiratory rate c. Alveolar ventilation d. FEV 1
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24) The major sign of hypoventilations_____________? a. Cyanosis b. Dyspnea c. Hypercapnia d. Hypoxia
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25) During inspiration when the diaphragm contracts, the intrapleural pressure becomes_____________? a. More negative b. Less negative c. Positive d. Equal to the intra alveolar pressure
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26) Tubuloglomerular feedback occurs in______________? a. ADH secretion in collecting duct b. Constant solute load on distal tubule c. Macula densa d. Balance between ascending and descending loop of henle
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27) Most of the sodium is reabsorbed in_____________? a. PCT b. DCT c. Loop of henle d. Vasa recta
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28) The renal blood flow in (in ml/mt) is______________? a. 250 b. 250 c. 1260 d. 1500
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29) Ammonia in the kidney tubules is excreted in exchange for______________? a. HCO3- b. Na+ c. CL- d. PO4-2
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30) Inulin clearance closely resembles_____________? a. G.F.R b. Renal plasma flow c. Creatinine clearance d. P.A.H. clearance
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