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1) The human infants first step in socialization is_________________? a. awareness of self b. walking c. speaking d. crying
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2) Personality must be considered as________________? a. interplay between environment and learned behavior b. a result of biology alone c. role demands d. more a function of heredity than anything else
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3) A personality refers to______________? a. behavioral traits of a person b. emotions of a person c. attitudes of a person d. all of the above
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4) Maturation for humans involves ? a. socialization b. the development of instincts c. physical development d. learning to be responsible
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5) An individual learns to be a human being by______________? a. instincts b. socialization c. cosmic influences d. in our society watching television
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6) According to George Herbert Mead the self is______________? a. the subconscious mind b. an individual’s self-concept or self-awareness c. a person’s conscience d. the equivalent of the libido in Freuds theory
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7) Which of the following refers to Piaget,s developmental theory ? a. Personality development acts independently of physical development b. Personality development proceeds in stages related to sensorimotor maturation c. Behavior is the product of genetic predispositions d. The most important influence on personality development is social class
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8) The emergence of the self as a result of interaction with others is a common thread in ALL BUT ONE of the following theories ? a. Lookingglass self b. symbolic interactionism c. behaviorism d. developmental theory
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9) The theory of symbolic interactionism in personality formation is associated with_______________? a. William Sheldon b. Abraham Maslow c. Charles Horton Cooley d. George Herbert Mead
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10) Specialized socialization occurs most frequently in________________? a. the family b. the peer groups c. church d. occupational groups or organizations
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11) Americans who join voluntary associations are generally ? a. poor b. black c. Catholic d. urban
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12) It is true that_____________? a. formal organizations are the same as institution b. formal organizations are based on groups of people c. institutions are groups of people d. institutions are voluntary
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13) An extreme type of coercive organizations is called a(n) _______________-? a. oligarchy b. economic institution c. public institution d. total institution
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14) Utilitarian organizations are so named because they ? a. produce useful things b. serve the practical purposes of their owners c. provide useful services to the community d. provide material benefits in exchange for work
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15) A formal structure of an organizations is its_______________? a. leadership structure b. full-time employees c. bylaws and body of officers d. appearance to its general public
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16) Conflict_______________? a. underlies both competition and coercion b. is diametrically opposed to competition c. is a hostile form of struggle? d. all of the above
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17) According to Daniel Bell the first technological revolution_______________? a. was the first of three such revolution b. entailed the harnessing of electricity c. involved a change in farming techniques d. all of the above
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18) A separation of institutional forms is most characteristic of__________________? a. industrial societies b. agricultural societies c. pastoral societies d. horticultural societies
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19) The most self-sufficient group is________________? a. the family b. the military c. ones in-group d. society
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20) Which of the following is NOT true of primary relations ? a. they cannot exist in secondary groups b. they are always harmonious c. the family is the only source of primary relation d. all of the above
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21) “Humanity “is__________________? a. an aggregate b. a group c. a category d. all of the above
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22) The struggle of women and ethnic minorities to change certain discriminatory practices concerns ? a. role strain b. ascribed statuses c. master statuses d. role conflict
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23) Master status refers to________________? a. the attainment of recognized excellence b. a dominant position in a relationship c. the most widely recognized among several positions d. the position from which all other positions are derived
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24) The norm of reciprocity entails______________? a. doing things in an institutionalized way b. working jointly in a common enterprise for a shared goal c. doing something in return for what someone has done for you d. all of the above
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25) Tolerance of conflicting ideas has been_________________? a. the downfall of industrialized societies b. one of the great contributions of democracy c. a major obstacle to establishing social order d. none of the above
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26) A group way of life lends itself to disorder because_________________? a. individuals differ in temperament goals and desires b. the world is based on randomness c. humans are solitary creatures d. human behavior is unpredictable
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27) Weber,s abstract model of bureaucracy entails______________? a. task specialization governed by explicit rule b. a pyramid of authority based on inherited privilege c. leadership by a self-appointed d. None of the above
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28) “The largest group of people inhabiting a specific territory and sharing a common culture”is a definition of a_____________? a. nation b. state c. government d. society
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29) The from of interaction that occurs when two or more individuals try to possess a scarce object or value is_____________? a. violence b. coercion c. contest d. competition
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30) A social system_____________? a. is a model b. is a concept c. illustrates how social relationships work in a group d. all of the above
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31) The group way of life characteristic of humans may be traced to____________? a. our human ancestors way of life in trees b. the fact that human infants are helpless for a long period of time c. a faulty genetic development d. the small size of humans relative to other animals
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32) The situation in the Middle East is an example of________________? a. competition b. cooperation c. conflict d. all of the above
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33) A society based on close personal ties is a_____________? a. Gemeinschaft b. Gesellschaft c. Mineshaft d. family
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34) Agrarian societies are based on_____________? a. the use of the plow b. hunting animals c. factories d. farm animals
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35) For a young guitar player a rock band seen on TV would represent a (n) ? a. reference group b. membership group c. involuntary group d. all of the above
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36) A good example of a primary group is_________________? a. the U.S Army b. a family c. AT&T Corp d. all of the above
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37) The largest group to Which a person belongs is______________? a. triad b. family c. primary d. society
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38) A working wife and mother is likely to encounter ? a. no role involvement b. role happiness c. role strain d. the best of both roles
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39) The master status of George W.Bush was______________? a. husband b. president c. dog owner d. jogger
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40) In the United States a college degree is generally associated with_____________? a. achieved status b. ascribed status c. no status d. castes
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41) A general in an army chart of command positions would constitute a______________? a. status b. role c. norm d. institution
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42) Norms are_______________? a. social rules of behavior b. important institutions c. specific roles d. name given to certain kinds of laws
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43) Social systems are based on_______________? a. expectations as to the behavior of others b. chaos c. haphazard behavior d. disorganization
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44) Studying interaction within a human family would occur on a____________? a. microsocial level b. macrosocial level c. macroscopic level d. microscopic level
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45) Which of the following would fit Charles Horton Cooley’s classification of a primary group ? a. Redheads b. Tourists visiting a resort c. A married couple d. A sales clerk and a customer
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46) Which is an ascribed status ? a. Black female b. President of the U.S c. Exotic dancer d. Thief
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47) Emotional stress and maladjustment may occur as a result of______________? a. faulty role performance b. status inconsistency c. improperly learned roles d. all of the above
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48) When interaction is guided by shared and patterned expectations of behavior the social system has acquired a(n) ? a. social process b. social structure c. social stability d. social value system
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49) Which of the following is likely to be an involuntary group? The____________? a. Boston Bruins b. Ku Klux Klan c. campaign staff working for presidential candidate d. the Smith family
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50) Which is false of reference groups? They_________? a. provide standards against which we measure ourselves b. are important during socialization c. affect our values goals attitudes and behavior d. are groups to which we belong from birth on
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