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1) Max Weber believed that_______________? a. property was the only determinant of class b. class was based on exploitation of the masses c. class is closely related to life chances d. societies should have at least three classes
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2) Marx,s view of social class is that______________? a. private ownership of the means of production perpetuates class divisions b. talented people will always rise to the top c. religion helps fight social inequality d. the bourgeoisie will eventually triumph
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3) The structural functionalist explanation of social stratification asserts that________________? a. nature demands the existence of social classes b. there is a limited number of skilled talented people thus they should be rewarded c. resources are plentiful so there is enough for all d. people were not meant to work
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4) Social Darwinists believed that________________? a. resources belong to all the people b. only the strongest persons should control the resources of a society c. the weak shall inherit the earth d. natural selection was a hoax
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5) In stratified societies categories of people are ranked by______________? a. wealth b. power c. prestige d. all of these
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6) Social ranking is based on________________? a. age b. sex c. wealth d. all of the above
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7) “The ability of one individual or group to control the actions of another individual or group without the latter’s consent” is a definition of____________? a. coercion b. violence c. power d. force
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8) All systems of stratification display the following characteristics except_________________? a. differentiation b. segmentation c. ranking d. institutionalization
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9) Among the reason for overturning death penalty verdicts on appeal are______________? a. improved DNA technology b. findings of incompetent counsel c. indications that prosecutors or police withheld information d. all of the above
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10) According to criminologists_______________? a. the death penalty does act as a deterrent b. the death penalty does not act as a deterrent c. the death penalty is a sing of an uncivilized society d. it is preferable to judge each criminal case individually
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11) The high cost of fighting crime is due in large part to_______________? a. the increase in organized crime b. high unemployment rates c. tax cuts instituted by the present administration d. an increase in prison inmates
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12) illegal acts that are characterized by deceit concealment or violation of trust is the FBI,s definition of_______________? a. arson b. robbery c. white-collar crime d. organized crime
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13) A low incidence of crime is more characteristic of________________? a. homogeneous societies b. societies that value the social group over the individual c. societies with a ruthless police force d. only and b
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14) Drug addiction has been characterized as a victimless crime meaning ? a. drug addiction is a sustainable life style b. drug users are not responsible for their actions c. addicts choose to be addicted and hurt no one but themselves d. society does care what happens to addicts
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15) Gambling and prostitution are included in the category of______________? a. organized crime b. crimes against persons c. social order crimes d. sins against religious teaching
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16) Howard Becker,s term for the process whereby individuals are accused sermonized and punished is_______________? a. primary deviance b. secondary deviance c. tertiary deviance d. labeling
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17) Criminologists Cloward and Ohlin Classified delinquent gangs into which of the following categories ? a. Ritualistic territorial rebel b. Realist drug and alcohol territorial c. Conflict subcultural criminal d. Criminal realist conflict
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18) A medical model of deviance assumes that it is caused by_________________? a. illness b. abnormality c. mental defects d. all of the above
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19) Serious mental disorders that often require periods of hospitalization or institutionalization are called____________? a. neuroses b. sociopathology’s c. psychoses d. all of the above
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20) Biological explanations of deviance________________? a. were popular during the first half of the 20th century b. agree on the causes of deviance c. are strongly supported scientifically d. explain all types of deviance
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21) According to the differential association theory deviant acts are_________________? a. considered normal by some antisocial individuals b. caused by abnormal chromosomes c. learned through interaction with others d. the result of social deprivation
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22) Which of the following acts does NOT constitute a crime if committed by an adult ? a. illegal drug use b. Copyright infringement c. Prostitution d. Truancy
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23) The exchange system is based on_______________? a. government reaction b. supply and demand c. lack of labor d. goods and service
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24) Which of the following is an index crime ? a. being in a football pool b. speeding c. robbery d. all of the above
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25) Aggregate demand is defined as_________________? a. one person’s demand for goods and services b. the lack of demand for goods and services c. the total demand in a society or on a world level for goods and services d. none of the above
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26) Labeling theory has been criticized because_________________? a. an undiscovered teller who steals from his bank is still a deviant b. it does not take biology into consideration c. it discounts the power of anomie d. it is necessary to be realistic about people’s behavior
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27) Deviance that has not been discovered is called ? a. secondary deviance b. final deviance c. primary deviance d. sinful deviance
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28) The middle- and low-income nation are located mostly in_______________? a. the southern regions of the world b. the North-South Axis c. the northern regions of the world d. the North and South Pole
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29) What percentage of the earth’s people live in low-income areas ? a. 10% b. 35% c. 56% d. 5%
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30) The largest of the world regions containing 44 countries is_____________? a. Europe b. Asia c. North America d. Sub-Saharan Africa
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31) The desert and semi-arid regions of the Middle East are resource-poor except for_______________? a. dates b. oil c. uranium d. coal
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32) The most advanced form of regional cooperation is exhibited by______________? a. Africa b. The Middle East c. Europe d. The Pacific Rim
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33) When a state experiences a foreign policy crisis_______________? a. the United Nations is contacted b. the Chief State makes all final decisions c. both general and administrative personnel are involved d. Henry Kissinger is contacted
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34) The Truman Doctrine Marshall Plan and NATO are characteristic of which period ? a. isolationism b. interventionism c. containment d. internationalism
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35) When President Kennedy told the Soviet leader to withdraw Russian missiles in Cuba it was an illustration of one of the following types of foreign policy ? a. administrative b. crisis c. general d. threatening
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36) An example of a state that has had to worry about and defend its very physical existence is_______________? a. Egypt b. Israel c. Palestine d. Lebanon
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37) Political scientist Morgenthau and the realist school believe that foreign policy is based on_______________? a. morality b. rights of humanity c. exercise of power d. what is best for the people of a nation
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38) In the present national power is based on________________? a. size and resources b. location and population c. political ideology and wealth d. specific combinations of attributes
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39) The type of foreign policy decisions made by the governmental bureaucracy fall into the category of_______________? a. crisis decisions b. administrative foreign policy c. legislative decisions d. constructive foreign policy
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40) Which perspective looks at the world-wide context and emphasizes economic factors ? a. Realism b. Neo-realism c. Globalism d. Pluralism
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41) An ideology or doctrine spread through persuasion is______________? a. propaganda b. journalism c. foreign policy d. diplomacy
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42) “The capacity of a nation to use its resources to affect the behavior of other nations” is a definition of________________? a. foreign policy b. diplomacy c. power in the context of international relations d. international law
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43) If the GNP increases by 8% and prices increase by 3% the actual growth rate is_______________? a. 11% b. 5% c. 8% d. 3%
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44) When the government must pay for fighter planes based on commitments made five years previously the spending the spending is called________________? a. discretionary b. uncontrollable c. balanced d. unavoidable
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45) Manipulation of taxation and spending levels is______________? a. fiscal policy b. monetary policy c. incomes d. revenue policy
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46) What is the Phillips curve ? a. a reference to a government economist favoring high taxes b. a special kind of screw driver that reflects the functioning of the economy c. a graphic representation of conflict between full employment and inflation d. a deflationary curve
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47) Engineers lawyer’s investment bankers’ top CEOs entertainers and so on are described as_____________? a. nouveau riches b. generation x-ers c. baby boomers d. symbolic analysts
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48) Economic policies do not work as well as they should because of obstacles posed by______________? a. timing b. interpretation c. implementation d. all of the above
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49) During and after a depression the government can use fiscal policy through its powers of_____________? a. spending and taxation b. wage regulation c. income ceilings d. bank regulation
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50) A demand-side theory that focuses on the role of money to finance aggregate demand is termed__________? a. monetarism b. Reaganism c. the gold standard d. cash and carry
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