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1) Women are a minority group insofar as_______________? a. they are treated unequally and are aware of their minority status b. they are residentially segregated c. they control few resources d. all of the above
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2) Male dominance is expressed_____________________? a. in spite of ours being an egalitarian society b. by the frequent instances of sexual harassment on the job c. for the lack of wage parity d. all of the above
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3) Women first assumed subordinate roles when they_________________? a. stayed home when men hunted b. ceased to gather the majority of the food supply c. assumed primary child-care responsibilities d. left home to gather food
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4) Form the dawn of history through the development of agriculture______________? a. men and women participated in a sex-based division of labor b. human infants and their mothers had to protected c. males were assigned hunting and other dangerous tasks d. all of the above
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5) It is fairly certain that male and female brains________________? a. are functionally identical b. differ in left-right communication c. distribute sensory functions differently d. differ in size weight and capacity
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6) Ageism asserts that___________________? a. wisdom accompanies advancing age b. each stage of life has its own rewards c. the young are superior to the old d. life begins forty
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7) The most obvious effect of sexism on women has been that they__________________? a. have become passive and accepting of the status quo b. have been denied alternatives to the roles of wives and mothers c. have become masculine since they joined the work force d. realized that motherhood had fewer satisfactions than a career
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8) It has been found that disengagement is usually________________? a. very voluntary b. never forced c. often forced d. rarely enforced
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9) Sex roles are______________? a. behavioral norms into which males and females are socialized b. behavioral norms into which only males are socialized c. equivalent to macho roles d. what women are attempting to throw off
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10) Sex stereotypes are traditionally found in________________? a. books b. movies c. segregation of boys and girls in certain activities d. all of the above
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11) There is no conclusive evidence that differences in the behavior of the two genders are due to______________? a. anatomical differences b. hormonal differences c. chromosomal differences d. all of the above
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12) The “feminization of poverty ” refers to________________? a. the fact that most men are rich b. an equal number of men and women being poor now c. the fact that female-headed households are usually poor d. the fact that women are more blessed than men in spite of poverty
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13) The female role as a passive and domestic creature may be conditioned by_______________? a. children’s picture books b. stress on male sports in school c. TV ads showing women as domestics d. all of the above
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14) When parents give rewards for certain sex role behavior the process is called conditioning and is the basis for________________? a. the social learning theory b. initiation c. self-definition d. bribing
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15) Studies other than Mead,s show that_________________? a. in most cultures’ males are more aggressive than females b. there is no pattern to aggressive behavior in either males or females c. biology is totally unimportant in sex role behavior d. aggression is strictly socially learned
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16) The hormone associated with male traits and aggression is_______________? a. testosterone b. estrogen c. Premarin d. progesterone
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17) Males are conceived with which of the following chromosome configurations ? a. XY b. XX c. XXX d. YYY
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18) The hormones involved in the development of sex characteristics are_______________? a. phlogiston and progesterone b. progesterone and testosterone c. estrogen and amylase d. progesterone and estrogen
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19) The largest number of Latinos come form_______________? a. Latin American b. Spain c. Mexico d. Puerto Rico
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20) Psychologists researching the causes of prejudice have found that_______________? a. it may have an evolutionary origin b. it is caused by anger c. it is directed at a target from a different group d. all of the above
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21) The term “prejudice” implies that_________________? a. one makes a judgment before having all the facts b. one refuses to change one,s mind even when confronted by facts c. one takes action against minorities d. ones judgments are BOTH preconceived and unchangeable
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22) Prejudice diminishes as___________________? a. the majority becomes more oppressive b. assimilation occurs c. the economic status of minorities becomes equal to that of the majority d. the economic status of minorities declines
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23) In the social sciences discrimination as a concept means_________________? a. having good taste in art and music b. actions taken as a result of prejudicial feelings c. ability to discern the direction of social relations d. the physical ability to see in the dark
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24) When confronted with evidence contrary to their beliefs prejudiced persons will______________? a. suspend judgment until more evidence is found b. change their judgment to conform to new evidence c. refuse to change the original judgment in spite of evidence to the contrary d. apologize to the victim of their prejudice
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25) What is the basis of racist ideology ? a. An inaccurate interpretation and social application of Darwin,s theory of evolution b. “Social Darwinism “applied to religious beliefs c. An invention of European colonial governments d. The New Testament
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26) For many second and third generation immigrants ethnic background is less a focus of identity than______________? a. social class b. religion c. race d. residence
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27) Which of the following is NOT true of minority groups ? a. They are recognizable by their visible ascribed traits or cultural customs b. They are subject to differential treatment c. They are not aware of their minority status d. They are aware of a common group identity
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28) The dominant group in a society is the one that is the_________________? a. most powerful b. subordinate c. largest d. oldest
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29) Stratification systems tend to________________? a. differentiate among people within societies b. equalize the status of people in a society c. oppress children and the old d. create conflict between old and young
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30) The Black movement to the urban North from the rural South was similar to______________? a. the experience of the American Indians b. immigration from Europe c. moves of professionals from New York to Los Angeles d. the arrival of the Cuban middle class after Castro
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31) According to Gordon Allport much prejudice is based on________________? a. economic competition among different groups b. equality of groups c. lack of human compassion d. plain ignorance
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32) The decline of unskilled factory jobs has increased black unemployment The situation is a result of______________? a. structural discrimination b. individual discrimination c. nature of life d. personal discrimination
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33) Admiration of power and intolerance of differences is linked to a_________________? a. Democratic personality b. unprejudiced personality c. authoritarian personality d. totalitarian personality
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34) Racism is based on the belief (s) that_________________? a. groups inherit certain traits that are inferior b. the dominant majority is the fittest from a Darwinian point of view c. minority groups should not have access to wealth and power d. all of the above
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35) When a minority group accepts the culture of the dominant group it is called_______________? a. accommodation b. acculturation c. amalgamation d. assimilation
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36) In recent years there was an awakening of ethnic identity among the following groups__________________? a. African Americans b. Hispanics c. Native Americans d. all of the above
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37) Second- and third-generation immigrants failed to melt in the melting pot because of_______________? a. language differences b. residence stability c. religion d. skin color
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38) Classification of human races is_____________________? a. clear-cut b. vague because of overlap of traits c. restricted to skin color d. done according to physical appearance
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39) Ethnic groups are based on_________________? a. skin color b. common customs and /or identities c. genes d. eye shape
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40) Discriminatory behavior prompted by the knowledge that prejudice exists on a society wide level is called______________? a. attitudinal discrimination b. institutional discrimination c. cultural discrimination d. personal discrimination
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41) Stressing the desirability of retaining each group,s cultural distinctiveness is part of the ideology of______________? a. Anglo-conformity b. melting pot c. ethnicity d. cultural pluralism
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42) Conflicts between the dominant group and minorities develop because_________________? a. minorities are perceived as different b. minorities perceive themselves as different c. the dominant group has coercive power d. all of the above
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43) The difference between racial minorities and ethnic minorities is_______________? a. in the size of each group b. ethnic minorities do not suffer from discrimination but only from prejudice c. racial minorities differ biologically ethnic minorities differ culturally from the dominant group d. racial minorities have been here longer than ethnic minorities
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44) Membership in specific racial ethnic and religious groupings is________________? a. characteristic only of industrial societies b. a variable of the stratification system c. a biological rather than a social product d. the cross every individual must bear
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45) Global inequality is evident in_______________? a. the size of families b. per capita c. the items rich countries throw out d. all of the above
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46) Craftsmen foremen secretary’s office workers belong to the________________? a. upper-middle class b. middle-middle class c. working class d. “new class”
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47) Where one stands in the social hierarchy is intimately related to________________? a. how one performs one,s job b. how long one lives c. how much stress one experiences d. only B and C
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48) The loss of entire categories of jobs without the creation of new occupations would be_______________? a. structural mobility of a negative sort b. horizontal mobility c. intragenerational mobility d. status ambiguity
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49) Members of the “New Class” occupy which of the following occupations_________________? a. Computer programmers b. MBAs staring their own firms c. Out of work middle managers d. journalists’ academics media commentators
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50) Life expectancy is____________________? a. about the same across social classes b. lower for the upper-middle class c. lower for the lower classes d. lower for the middle class
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