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1) The individualists favoured leaving the individual completely free because: a. He is nor social b. He is celfish c. He is quarrelsome d. So that he may learn to do things for himself
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2) In the economic sphere the individualists were in favour of: a. Ending all free competition b. Ecouraging free competition c. State control over production and distribution d. Dictatorship of proletariat
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3) The individualists favoured free competition in the economic sphere because: a. It stimulates production b. It protects the interests of weaker sections c. It promotes art and good living d. It makes the state powerful
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4) Liberalism assumed a new shape in modern times under the impact of: a. Church b. Mandan Socialism c. Scientific inventions d. Modern means of communications
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5) The credit for converting Liberalism into Positivist Liberalism In the nineteenth century goes to: a. Bentham b. Herbert Spencer c. T.H. Green d. Adam Smith
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6) The idealist revision of liberalism was effected by a. Bernard Bosanquet b. Hegel c. Laski d. Adam Smith
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7) According to the twentieth century liberal thinkers like Laski and MacIver: a. The state performs only negative functions b. The state performs only positive functions c. The state performs both negative as well as positive functions d. The state is an instrument of exploitation
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8) Who of the following philosophers is considered the exponent of modern individualism? a. Graham Wallas b. Laski c. Leacock d. Hobbes
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9) The modern Liberals are: a. Opposed to nationalization of industries b. In favour of nationalization of large scale industries only c. In favour of nationalization of all industries d. In favour of promoting small scale and cottage industries
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10) The modern liberals seek to protect the interests of: a. Working classes b. Capitalists c. Landed aristocracy d. All the above classes
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11) Modern liberalism differs from classical liberalism in so far as: a. It does not support individual liberty b. It is against democratic institutions c. It pleads for free enterprise d. It stands for a world free from all forms of tyranny and exploitation
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12) The modern individualism, which arose as a reaction against extreme Collectivism, differs from nineteenth century individualism in so far as: a. It focuses attention on group rather than the individual b. It pleads for abolishing the state c. It pleads for maximum functions for the state d. It pleads for absolute freedom for individual
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13) The modern individualists consider the state as: a. Omnipotent b. Indispensable c. One of many groups d. Superfluous
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14) Utilitarianism, which is another theory of liberalism, is associated with the name of: a. Hegel b. Bentham c. Locke d. Green
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15) The principle of 'greatest good of the greatest number' was advocated by: a. Idealists b. Individualists c. Utilitarianism d. Marxists
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16) The present day liberals, who are known as Positivist Liberals are in favour of: a. Pushing the state out of economic field b. Doing away the state's interference in the economic sphere c. State regulation of the economic conditions in the interests of workers d. State regulation to protect the interests of the capitalists
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17) The credit for introducing far reaching changes in the Liberal philosophy goes to: a. T.H. Green b. J.S. Mill c. Marx d. Laski
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18) One of the greatest contributions of Green to the liberal theory was: a. Insistence on absence of all restraints on the individual liberty b. Strong opposition to the right of private property c. Insistence on collective well being as a precondition of individual freedom and responsibility d. Concentration on the individual good alone
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19) Modern individualists are for: a. Concentration of ail powers in the hands of the state b. Abolition of state c. Decentralization of authority d. Increasing powers of state
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20) Which one of the following criticisms against Liberalism has been wrongly listed? a. Liberalism paves the way for anarchy by limiting the claims of authority b. Liberalism lea-Ls to negation of individual liberty by concentration too much of power in the state c. Liberalism does not provide any viable solution to the problems of the third world d. Liberalism abandons freedom and rational discussion if poses a threat to the capitalist system
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21) According to the liberal theory private property is mainly: a. Inherited from forefathers b. Given by nature c. The result of one's labour d. The result of exploitation
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22) Liberalism' is the anti-thesis of: a. Aristocracy b. Democracy c. Capitalism d. All the above
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23) In the broader sense 'liberalism' can be equated with: a. Democracy b. Capitalism c. Socialism d. Totalitarianism
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24) In the present century the evils of the theory of laissez-faire were sought to be checked through: a. State intervention b. Capitalist intervention c. Socialist intervention d. None of the above
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25) Liberalism stands for: a. Social liberty b. Political liberty c. Economic liberty d. All the above
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26) Who defined liberalism as "The theory and practice of individual liberty, judicial defence and constitutional state"? a. J.S. Mill b. Laski c. Sartori d. MacIver
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27) The term 'Liberalism' originated from that world 'Tiber' taken from: a. Greek language b. French language c. Latin language d. Spanish language
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28) According to the Liberals the state should promote the welfare of: a. Ruling classes b. The upper classes c. The bourgeoisie classes d. All the sections of society
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29) The liberal theory regards the state: a. As an end in itself b. As a means to an end c. As an instrument of exploitation d. As an instrument for levelling of inequalities
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30) Who said 'Liberalism is a passion for liberty'? a. Bentham b. J.S. Mill c. Barker d. Laski
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31) The modern individualism arose as a reaction against: a. Extreme collectivism b. Fascism c. Misuse of individual freedom d. All the above
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32) Who of the following is the most important exponent of modern individualism? a. J.S. Mill b. Herbert Spencer c. Adam Smith d. Graham Wallas
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33) Who of the following is regarded as the father of liberal political philosophy? a. John Locke b. Hobbes c. Laski d. None of the above
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34) Who said Liberalism is the expression less of trend them of a temperament. It implies a passion for liberty; and that the passion may be compelling. It requires a power to be tolerant; even sceptical about opinions and tendencies you hold to be dangerous, which is one of the rarest human qualities. a. Lord Bryce b. Thomas Paine c. Horold Laski d. Marx Webber
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35) The Liberal philosophy found its best exposition in: a. The American Declaration of Independence 1776 b. The French Declaration of the Rights of Man, 1789 c. The Indian Independence Act 1947 d. Both (a) and (b) e. In all (a) (b) and (c)
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36) The Liberalism which flourished in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries is also known as: a. Early Liberalism b. Primitive Liberalism c. Classical Liberalism d. All the above three
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37) Which one of the following Liberal thinkers advocated the principle of "greatest good of the greatest number"? a. J.S. Mill b. Bentham c. Laski d. Green e. All the above
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38) Which one of the following expounded the philosophy of 'positive liberalism'? a. Harold J.Laski b. J.M. Robertson c. J.A. Hobson d. All the above
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39) Who defined Liberalism as "the theory and practice of individual liberty, judicial defence and the constitutional state"? a. Hacker b. Laski c. Sartori d. T.H.Green
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40) Which one of the following has been wrongly listed as a feature of positive liberalism? a. It stands for freedom through the state b. It looks upon the state as an instrument for the development of human personality c. It holds that the state is capable of performing social welfare functions d. None of the above
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41) Fascist movement first of all developed in: a. Germany b. USSR c. USA d. Italy e. England
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42) The Fascist Philosophy helped in: a. Unification of Italy b. Unification of Germany c. Communist rising in U.S.S.R. d. Parliamentary reforms in England
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43) In the beginning Fascists were: a. Bitterly opposed by the capitalists b. Tolerated by the Capitalists c. Assisted by the capitalists d. None of the above
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44) Fascism developed very rapidly in: a. Germany b. Italy c. France d. U.S.S.R. e. Japan
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45) Fascists wish to establish the leadership of a. Proletariat b. Working classes c. Middle classes d. Church e. One leader
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46) Fascists believe that for advancement there should be: a. A good theory b. Theory first and action later on c. Difference between theory and action d. Action first and theory later
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47) Who used to say 'My Programme is action and not talk': a. Mussolini b. Hitler c. Karl Marx d. Stalin e. Lenin
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48) Fascists believe in: a. Internationalism b. International organisation c. Unconditional acceptance of international obligations d. One state, one party and one leader
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49) According to Fascists the state: a. Is collection of individuals b. Is association of associations c. Is one of the associations d. Represents the mind of the society
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50) The Fascists believe that: a. Individual liberty must be preserved b. Liberty is dead carcass c. Liberty is a natural right d. Liberty should be guaranteed as fundamental right
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