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1) Bio-diversity means: a. A contraction of biological diversity. b. The range of variation or differences among c. Some set of entities; biological diversity thus refers to variety within the living world d. All of the above
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2) The types of bio-diversity are: a. Genetic diversity b. Species diversity c. Ecosystem diversity d. All of the above
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3) The causes of loss of biological diversity are: a. Over hunting is perhaps the most obvious direct cause of extinction in animals, as it has affected several large and well-known species b. Genetic diversity as represented by genetic differences between discrete populations with wild species, is liable to reduction as result of the same f c. A major, though at present largely unpredictable, change in natural environments is likely to occur within the next century as a result of large-scale d. All of the above
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4) Maintenance of Biological Diversity is: a. In-situ conservation b. Ex-situ conservation c. Why conserve biological diversity d. All of the above
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5) Biological diversity resources are: a. Food b. Pharmaceuticals c. Both (a) & (b) d. None of these
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6) Other material values of biological diversity are: a. Many natural or semi-natural ecosystems b. Some of which may be high biological diversity, are of considerable benefit to man c. To role of forests in watershed regulation and stabilization of soils in erosion-prone areas d. All of the above
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7) Individuals of the same species in a particular locality constitute: a. Population b. Community c. Flora d. Fauna
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8) The populations increase in their number due to: a. Mortality b. Natality c. Dispersal d. Emigration
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9) Immense increase in the number of organisms of a species is checked by: a. Environmental resistance b. Biotic potential c. Imigration d. All of these
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10) Which of the following does not constitute a part of sigmoid curve? a. Lag phase b. Linear phase c. Stationary phase d. Exponential phase
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11) The level beyond which no major increase is possible represents: a. Stationary phase b. Biotic potential c. Acceleration limit d. Carrying capacity
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12) Which of the following describes a community? a. A list of species present (species structure and diversity indices b. Biomass of producers and consumers c. Autotrophic and heterotrophic measurements d. All of the above
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13) A community is: a. A collection of plant and animals b. Organism living in a habitat c. Autotrophs and hetrotrophs d. Web of life
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14) A group of plants living together eunder similar or dissimilar environmental conditions is called: a. Vegetation b. Flora c. Species d. Community
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15) Group of two and more plant groups is known as: a. Biocoenosis b. Zoocoenosis c. Plant community d. Ecotype
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16) Community is: a. A group of independent and integrating populations of different species b. A group of independent and interacting populations of same species c. A group of a independent and interacting populations of same species in a specific area d. A group of independent and interacting populations of different species in a specific area
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17) The vertical layering of organisms corresponds to: a. Stratification b. Dominance c. Physiognomy d. Diversity
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18) The keystone species are those which exhibit: a. Low abundance, little influence b. High abundance, little influence c. Low abundance, high influence d. High abundance, high influence
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19) The mycorrhizae present in association with higher plant roots are best described as: a. Keystone species b. Edge species c. Critical link species d. Edaphic pod species
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20) The number of individuals of a species per sampling unit is called its: a. Biomass b. Abundance c. Density d. Frequency
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21) The number of sampling units expressed in percentage in which a particular species occurs is called its: a. Abundance b. Density c. Frequency d. Phenology
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22) The earliest settlers on barren lands generally are: a. Diatoms b. Ferns c. Mosses d. Lichens
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23) When the vegetation of any region reaches climatic climax, it is: a. Lithophytic b. Xerophytic c. Mesophytic d. Hydrophytic
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24) The herb stage in a lithosere is immediately followed by plants like: a. Potantilla b. Zizyphus c. Umbilicaria d. Grimmia
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25) The last community in a succession is called: a. Ecosystem b. Climatic community c. Ecotons d. Seral community
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26) Many forested regions of today were once barren rock areas. Mot likely this change involved the following sequence of stages: a. Lichens-mosses-annual herbs-wood shrubs b. Annual herb-weedy shrubs-lichens-mosses c. Woody shrubs-mosses-lichens-annual herbs d. Mosses-annual herbs-woody shrubs-lichens
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27) The herb stage in a lithosere has predominance of plants like a. Rhus b. Weissia c. Poa d. Capparis
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28) Plant succession taking place in sandy area is precisely called: a. Halosere b. Psammosere c. Xerosere d. Hydrosere
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29) The climax vegetation in a lithosere of temperate zone is dominated by plants like: a. Boswellia b. Balanites c. Anogeissus d. Quercus
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30) If a piece of land which had a plant community becomes barren due to some external thrust, the succession taking place here is called: a. Induced b. Deflated c. Secondary d. Retrogessive
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31) The physiographic factor responsible for the initiation of succession to: a. Erosion b. Fire c. Hail d. Wind
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32) The invasion of a community in succession involves: a. Ecesis, aggregation and competition b. Migration, aggregation and competition c. Aggregation, competition and coaction d. Migration, ecesis and aggregation
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33) The ecological succession was first studied by: a. Clements b. Hult c. Odum d. King
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34) The term succession was coined by: a. Tansley b. Hult c. Hodges d. Kormondy
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35) The invasion of a new community in a bare area is initiated by: a. Migration b. Ecesis c. Aggregation d. All of these
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36) When the substratum has ample of organic matter and there are many deterivore participating in the process, the succession is called: a. Allogenic b. Retrogressive c. Heterotrophic d. Induced
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37) According to polyclimax hypothesis, the climax stage is controlled by: a. Edaphic factors b. Biotic factors c. Topographic factors d. All of these
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38) In a hydrosere the plants like Carex, Cyperus, and Juncus appear just after a community comprising: a. Lemna, Wolffia, Spirodela b. Nuphar, Nelumbo, Victoria c. Scirpus, Typha, Sagittaria d. Najas, Ceratophyllum, Elodea
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39) The direction of succession is: a. Predictable b. Unpredictable c. Hephazard d. Always changing
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40) Mark the climatic cause for the initiation of succession: a. Erosion b. Drought c. Deposition d. Micro-organisms
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