|
1) At present ______ population is living in the watershed areas and are converting forest into agriculture land for food production: a. 50-80% b. 55-85% c. 60-90% d. 65-95%
|
||||
|
2) It is estimated that ______ square km land has been converted to unproductive deserts in the last 50 years: a. 3.7 million b. 3.8 million c. 3.9 million d. 4 million
|
||||
|
3) In Pakistan about ________ area is arid or semi arid and agriculture is not possible without irrigation: a. 40% b. 50% c. 60% d. 70%
|
||||
|
4) The importance of watershed management was realized when Pakistan signed Indus Water Treaty with India through which right of water of ______ was given to India while Pakistan has the right on river Indus and Jhelum: a. Chenab b. Ravi c. Sutlij d. All of the above
|
||||
|
5) Mangla dam on river: a. Jhelum b. Chenab c. Indus d. Ravi
|
||||
|
6) Tarbela dam on river: a. Jhelum b. Chenab c. Indus d. Ravi
|
||||
|
7) Tarbela dam is being silted at ______ acre feet per year while Mangla is being silted at a rate of _____ acre feet per year due to misuse of their watershed area: a. 109000, 42,000 b. 110000, 43000 c. 115000, 44,000 d. None of these
|
||||
|
8) Main source of energy in Pakistan is : a. Hydro-electricity b. Atomic energy c. Coal energy d. None of these
|
||||
|
9) Government of Pakistan has realized the importance of watershed management and an extensive watershed development programme is being implemented in: a. Northern part of the country b. Azad Jammu and Kashmir c. Both (a) & (b) d. None of these
|
||||
|
10) Special courses have been introduced at: a. Pakistan Forest Institute b. Forest Schools c. Both (a) & (b) d. None of these
|
||||
|
11) Watershed regions of Pakistan is/are: a. Which are sufficiently homogeneous in themselves b. But distinct from each other in two major characteristics i.e., land form and climate, the factors which mainly determing the framework for watershed c. Both (a) & (b) d. None of these
|
||||
|
12) Main watershed regions and their problems are: a. The northern mountain region b. The uplands of northern Punjab c. The western mountain region d. The southwest Boluchistan plateau e. All of the above
|
||||
|
13) The northern mountain region problems is / are : a. The inland Indus Basin above Attock with Swat-Chitral and Gilgit tributary catchments b. The inland in Jhelum Basin upstream of Mangla c. Both (a) & (b) d. None of these
|
||||
|
14) The uplands of northern Punjab problems is / are : a. This is a relatively small b. But highly complex upland plain c. Some smaller water shed development projects are included in the region d. All of the above
|
||||
|
15) The western mountain region problem is / are: a. It includes the catchments of Kohat, Toi Kurran, Zhob-Gomel and small streams of the Qutta District b. Since most of the catchments are poorly vegetated, there is a high degree of surface run-off from the land during the rain c. Both (a) & (b) d. None of these
|
||||
|
16) The wouth west Boluchistan plateau problem is: a. It is not a water producing area b. It lies west of Kirthar Range c. Much of the land is unused and the rest is poor grazing d. All of the above
|
||||
|
17) The coastal belt problems is / are: a. It includes Hub, Parli-Kud, and Dasht river catchments b. It comprise the land berween the Makran range and the Arabian sea c. Most of the coastal zone is desertic or grass-land much oversued as pasture d. All of the above
|
||||
|
18) The Indus plain problems is / are : a. The region is not in itself a water producing area b. In the north, several large tributaries join the Indus c. The Jhelum Chenab, Ravi and Sutlej flow in to it from the east and the Kabul, Swat, Kurram and Gomel descend from the western ranges d. All of the above
|
||||
|
19) The socioeconomic condition of the people in watersheds areas are: a. The people living in these areas have small holding b. The average size being less than even 2 acres c. They have too little education and lack the requisite skills to improve their lot d. All of the above
|
||||
|
20) Efforts made to improve the watersheds in Pakistan is /are : a. To introduce watershed and soil conservation practices in Pakistan are about a 100 years old b. Several organization dealing with soil and water conservation and watershed management are involved c. Both (a) & (b) d. None of these
|
||||
|
21) The projects are being implemented either through the country's own resources or with the help of donor agencies such as: a. World Food Organization b. UNDP c. The World Bank d. All of the above
|
||||
|
22) Alternative strategies and approaches is / are : a. Creation of public awareness of the problem b. The use of incentives c. Introduction of small scale rural uplift scheme d. Training and education e. All of the above
|
||||
|
23) Creation of Public awareness of the problem is / are : a. Although the mountain main can see that the ground on which he is living is gradually slipping from under his feet, every other day he comes across la b. He would see village after vanishing around him, but prefers to adopt a casual care-free attitude. c. Both (a) & (b) d. None of these
|
||||
|
24) The use of incentives approaches is / are: a. Due to a variety of measures such as terracing, plantations and restricted grazing b. The traditional freedom of the inhabitants is curbed in the uplands and they become reluctant to accept offers of improvement c. Both (a) & (b) d. None of these
|
||||
|
25) Introduction of small-scale rural uplift schemes approaches is / are : a. Most of the projects implemented in the watersheds involving soil and water conservation measures b. The major benefits are derived largely by the people living in the plains c. Both (a) & (b) d. None of these
|
||||
|
26) Training and education approaches is / are: a. The inhabitants of the upland areas usually do not have the required known-how for conceiving, planning and implementing the watershed management prog b. It would be appropriate that vocational training centers are set up in suitable localities c. Both (a) & (b) d. None of these
|
||||
|
27) Transfer of information and technology approaches is / are: a. Although considerable data have been collected and are available pertaining to the case studies b. And research conducted it is observed that exchange of information c. Both (a) & (b) d. None of these
|
||||
|
28) Watershed planning approaches is / are: a. Management of a catchment to provide maximum benefit for man implies utilization of the planning process b. Indentification of the existing conditions of a catchment in terms of physical, social and economic consideration with subsequent development of manag c. Both (a) & (b) d. None of these
|
||||
|
29) Need for planning objectives is / are : a. Needed to permit appropriate decision making in the plan development phase b. Such as rehabilitation of severely eroded lands, protection of sensitive areas, improvement of water yield, reduction in flooding and / or siltation, c. Both (a) & (b) d. None of these
|
||||
|
30) Management constraints - the constraints of management need to be identified in the initial phase of planning: a. Physical b. Biological c. Social d. Institutional e. All of the above
|
||||
|
31) The major factors related to organizational structure are: a. One agency which is directly involved with the resources to be managed should be responsibly for plan development and implementation b. Planning for multi-resources should include input from all of the technical and social sectors from various agencies, local communities, etc. c. The project funding should be d. All of the above
|
||||
|
32) Watershed management planning phases is / are: a. Reconaissance Survey b. Local or watershed level survey c. Watershed inventory d. All of the above
|
||||
|
33) The inventory should include the collection of data requirements are: a. Physical, climatic, edaphic, geologic, biotic b. Land used and land capability c. Socio-economic data d. Institutional and cultural factors e. All of the above
|
||||
|
34) Selection of the "best" alternative should be based on several factors: a. Technical soundness of the plan b. Available resources in terms of funding, manpower, infrastructure, etc. c. Institutional (legal, political) potential for success d. All of the above
|
||||
|
35) Watershed works plan - A detailed plan of operation should be developed which permits a timely, appropriately funded (quarterly, annually, etc.) operation of the plan. The plan should include details of: a. Objectives and goals of the plan b. The sequence of operations and procedures c. Procedures to be used for the various segments of the plan d. Time schedule whiel includes realistic flow from one operational sequence to another e. All of the above
|
||||
|
36) Range improvement techniques are: a. Range reseeding b. Range burning c. Range fertilization d. Stock water development e. All of the above
|
||||
|
37) Range reseeding is: a. Natural reseeding b. Artificial reseeding c. Both (a) & (b) d. None of these
|
||||
|
38) Stock water development is: a. Tobas b. Tobas c. Small dams d. Spring e. All of the above
|
||||
|
39) How plants tolerate grazing are: a. Position of apical bud of bud is at surface level more resistant b. High portion of flowering to vegetative stems c. Delay in elevation of apical bud d. Sprout freely from axillary bud e. All of the above
|
||||
|
40) What are the principles of range management? a. Correct kind animals b. Correct number of animals c. Correct season of range use d. Correct distribution of livestock e. All of the above
|
||||
