1) Carbon cycle includes: a. Producer, consumer, decomposer b. Producer, consumer, producer c. Producer , decomposer, consumer d. Consumer, producer, decomposer
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2) Azolla is used as a biofertilizer because it: a. Multiplies very fast to produce massive biomass b. Has association of nitrogen-fixing Rhizobium c. Has association nitrogen fixing Cyanobacteria d. Has association of mycorrhiza
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3) Plants like Saccharum. Imperata, Capparis and Acacia occur in the following biome: a. Temperatr grassland b. Tropical savannah c. Tropical rain forest d. Desert
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4) During anaerobic digestion of organic waste, such as in producing biogas, which of the following is left undergraded? a. Lignin b. Lipids c. Cellulose d. Hemi-cellulose
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5) Nektons are: a. Organisms that swim in water b. Floating plants c. Suspended lower plants d. Animals associated with plants e. Algae
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6) The temperate broad-leaf forest biomes are characterized by the predominance of a. Cupressus sp. b. Dalbergia sp. c. Diospyros sp. d. Quercus sp.
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7) These belong to the category of primary consumers: a. Snakes and frogs b. Water insects c. Eagle and snakes d. Insects and cattle
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8) The plants of Cupressus and Cedrus are characteristic of: a. Temperate broad-leaf forest b. Temperate coniferous forest c. Chaparral d. Desert
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9) The moist tropical deciduous forest biomes show predominace of plants like: a. Larix and Abies b. Zizyphus and Butea c. Shorea and Tectona d. All of these
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10) Buttresses are usually found in the plants growing in: a. Tropical deciduous forests b. Temperate coniferous forests c. Temperate broad-leaf forest d. Tropical rain forest
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11) In a biome the life form of climatic climax vegetation is: a. Uniform b. Variable c. Absent d. Unpredictable
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12) The fungi in a forest ecosystem act as: a. Macroconsumer b. Decomposer c. Omnivore d. Producer
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13) Decomposers are: a. Autotrophs b. Heterotrophs c. Organotropbs d. Autoheterotrophs
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14) In the phosphorus cycle, weathering makes phosphate available first to: a. Decomposers b. Consumers c. Producers d. All the above
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15) During food chain the maximum energy is stored in: a. Producers b. Decomposers c. Herbivores d. Carnivores
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16) In the following there is no difference: a. Trophic level 1st and herbivores b. Primary consumers and herbivores c. Primary carnivore and trophic level 2nd d. Secondary consumer and herbivores
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17) The ultimate energy source of ecosystem is: a. Solar energy b. Biomass c. Producer d. Carbohydrates
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18) Ecological pyramids were discovered by: a. Elton b. Odum c. Reiter d. None of these
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19) An ecosystem which can be easily damaged but can recover after sometime if damaging effect stops will be having: a. High stability and low resilience b. Low stability and low resilience c. Low stability and high resilience d. High stability and high resillience
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20) The correct sequence of food chain is: a. Grass-insect-bird-snake b. Grass-bird-insect-snake c. Snake-bird-insect-grass d. Grass-snake-bird-insect
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21) Bacteria and fungi in a forest ecosystem are generally: a. Producers b. Decomposers c. Primary consumers d. Secondary consumers e. Tertiary consumers
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22) Which of the following is expected to have the highest value (gm/m2/yr) in a grassland ecosystem? a. Tertiary Production b. Gross Production (GP) c. Net Production (NP) d. Secondary Production
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23) In a food chain, the total amount of living material is depicted by: a. Pyramid of biomass b. Pyramid of energy c. Pyramid of number d. Trophic levels
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24) Environmental factors in ecosystem: a. Abiotic factors b. Biotic factors c. Both (a) & (b) d. None of these
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25) Abiotic factors are: a. Climatic b. Edaphic factors c. Topography d. All of the above
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26) Branches of ecology are: a. Autecology b. Synecology c. Both (a) & (b) d. None of these
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27) Synecology can be subdivided into how many branches: a. Population ecology b. Community ecology c. Ecosystem ecology d. All of the above
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28) Ecosystem includes: a. A basic functional ecology unit including both biotic b. Abiotic component mutually adjusting with each other for the maintendance of life c. Both (a) & (b) d. None of these
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29) Components of ecosystem are: a. Abotic b. Biotic c. Both (a) & (b) d. None of these
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30) Abiotic components are: a. Inorganic b. Organic c. Climatic d. All of the above
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31) Biotic components are: a. Producers (Autotraphy) b. Macroconsumers (Hetrotrophs) c. Microconsumers (Seprotraphs/Decomposers) d. All of the above
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32) Non-biotic components can be grauped into: a. Lithosphere b. Hydrosphere c. Atmosphere d. All of the above
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33) Plant succession means: a. A change in the composition and nature of plant community of particular habitat over the years b. Any habitat can be studied systematically provided the area is free from any external disturbance c. Both (a) & (b) d. None of these
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34) Causes of plant succession are: a. Environmental changes produced as a result of reaction to the community become favorable for new species of plants b. Physiographic factors produce change in the habitat like flooding of plains, soil erosion, change in temperature, rain etc. c. Both (a) & (b) d. None of these
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35) Classification of plant succession categorised as: a. Primary succession b. Secondary succession c. Both (a) & (b) d. None of these
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36) Major types of climax are: a. Monoclimax b. Polyclimax c. Sub-climax d. Disclimax e. All of the above
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37) Forest Ecosystem means: a. The produces in forest are actual at different strata from the ground level to the canopy of trees. b. The litter and consequently the humus layers is thick c. Both (a) & (b) d. None of these
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38) Typical successions in forest are: a. Riverain b. Esturine c. Confierous d. All of the above
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39) Plant associations refer: a. A group or community of plants living together in common habitat b. A group may include different species of plants, belonging to different families c. Both (a) & (b) d. None of these
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40) Hydrophytes (Acquatic Plants) means: a. A reduction of the protective, conducting and supporting tissues b. Absences of palisade tissue c. Both (a) & (b) d. None of these
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41) Hygrophytes (Moisture loving plants) means: a. The pants are usually stunted in growth b. Roots and stem are poorly developed c. Leaves are large and tend to avoid water less lam transpiration d. All of the above
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42) Mesophytes means: a. Are ordinary plants growing under average conditions b. The occupy intermediate conditions between xerophyte and hydrophytes c. Some trees and stress with deciduous leaves show marked seasonal differences d. All of the above
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43) Xerophytes means: a. Grow in desert or dry, hot, sandy place with scanty rainfall b. A desert habitant is characterized by Blarcity of water in soil, extremely dry intense light, high temp and strong winds c. Both (a) & (b) d. None of these
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44) The modes of Perennation are: a. Evergreen trees b. Deciduous trees c. Herbaceous perennials d. All of the above
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45) The major types of soil are recognized on the basis of their mode of accumulation and include: a. Residual b. Transported c. Colluvial d. Alluvial e. All of the above
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46) The Organic contents of soil are: a. Humus b. Mull c. Peat and Much d. All of the above
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47) Soil water depicts: a. Gravitational b. Capillary c. Hygroscopic d. All of the above
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48) The soil moisture constants are: a. Hygroscopic co-efficient b. Water holding capacity c. Field Capacity d. All of the above
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49) The major types of soil erosion are: a. Normal or geological b. Accelerated c. Both (a) & (b) d. None of these
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50) Accelerated soil erosion factors are: a. Soil erosion by water b. Soil erosion by wind c. Both (a) & (b) d. None of these
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