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1) A man is the part of biotic community: a. Always b. Only when he lives in big cities c. Only when he lives in forest d. Never
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2) Which of the following terms is not a synonym literally for ecosystem? a. Ecosom b. Ecosphere c. Microcosm d. Holocoene
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3) The percentage of light energy utilized for photosynthesis by higher plants is: a. 100 b. 50 c. 10 d. 1
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4) The term reducer is applied to: a. Decomposers b. Detrivores c. Both (a) & (b) d. Heterotrophs
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5) The primary consumers are described as: a. Herbivores b. Converters c. Transducers d. All of these
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6) The ration of food energy assimilated to the food energy ingested is called: a. Trophic level efficiency b. Photosynthetic efficiency c. Net production efficiency d. Assimilation efficiency
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7) The ecosystem lying in the alpine zone between taiga and polar ice is called: a. Savana b. Autotrophic c. Heterotrophic d. Tundra
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8) Which of the following is the smallest unit? a. Biosphere b. Ecosphere c. Ecosystem d. Biome
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9) In a stabilized ecosystem the P/R ratio is: a. One b. Less than one c. More than one d. Any of these
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10) According to Odum, the percentage of net primary production of total light intake is: a. 10% b. 0.15% c. 1% d. 1.50%
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11) In a parasitic food chain which trophic level is represented by bugs and lices? a. T4 b. T3 c. T2 d. T1
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12) The taiga ecosystems lie in the: a. Alpine zone b. Sub-alpine aone c. Temperate zone d. Sub-tropical zone
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13) The pyramid of number in a forest ecosystem is: a. Rhombiodal b. Upright c. Inverted d. Linear
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14) The biotic and abiotic components of the ecosystem are connected through: a. Standing quality b. Climatic regime c. Transducers d. Humification and mineralization
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15) The pyramid of biomass in a shallow pond ecosystem is: a. Inverted b. Upright c. Rhomboidal d. Liver
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16) The flow of materials and energy in an ecosystem is respectively: a. Cyclic only b. Cyclic and linear c. Linear and cyclic d. Linear only
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17) The cybernatics of an ecosystem refers to: a. Harvest index b. A feed back mechanism c. Regulation of equilibrium d. Reverse energy flow
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18) The pyramid of biomass in a forest ecosystem is: a. Upright b. Inverted c. Rhomboidal d. Linear
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19) According to Lindemann, the total solar input in terms of gcal/cm2/year is: a. 112,887 b. 118,872 c. 181,872 d. 112,788
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20) The efficiency of primary production in an ocean is: a. 5% b. 3.50% c. 1% d. 0.20%
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21) From gross production of autotrophs, according to Lindemann, how much energy in gcal/cm2/year is used in respiration and decomposition respectively: a. 78.2, 29.3 b. 78.2, 3.5 c. 29.3, 3.5 d. 23.9, 5.3
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22) Which of the following belong to the same trophic level? a. Yeast and Monotrapa b. Rhizopus and Riccia c. Ulothrix and Yeast d. All of these
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23) An ecosystem is a structure that is: a. Always temporary b. Always permanent c. Either of these d. Rarely permanent
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24) The ecological pyramids were first designed by: a. Clements b. Kormondy c. Warming d. Elton
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25) The solar radiations are the sole source of: a. Energy b. Materials c. Both (a) & (b) d. Standing state
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26) The pyramid of biomass in a parasitic ecosystem is: a. Upright b. Inverted c. Linear d. Rhomboidal
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27) The term omnivore is applied to: a. Herbivore and carnivore b. Carnivore and detrivore c. Herbivore and detrivore d. All of these
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28) The term homeostasis in an ecosystem refers to: a. A feed back mechanism b. A self-regulatory mechanism c. State of equilibrium d. Influence of production
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29) In a forest ecosystem, the numerical relationship between the producers and herbivores: a. Producers more than herbivores b. Producers equal to herbivores c. Producers less than herbivores d. Variable
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30) The gross production minus losses in an ecosystem is indicated as: a. Net production b. Secondary production c. Net storage d. Net primary production
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31) The rate of storage at consumer level is: a. Secondary productivity b. Tertiary productivity c. Both (a) & (b) d. Net productivity
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32) According to Lindemann, the percentage of net production passed on to carnivores is: a. 28.6 b. 26.8 c. 22.6 d. 22.8
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33) Sulphur is returned to the soil by: a. Producers only b. Producers and consumers c. Consumers and decomposers d. All of these
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34) The percentage of water bound in lithosphere and sedimentary rocks is: a. 75 b. 65 c. 85 d. 95
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35) Which of the following serves as source of carbon in plants: a. CO2 of carbonic rocks b. Atmospheric CO2 c. Fossil fuel d. All of the above
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36) Mark the correct statement with reference to phosphorous cycle: a. Inorganic phosphates are lost by leaching b. Ocean phosphates are lost by sedimentation c. Soluble phosphates are lost by erosion d. Soil has plenty of dissolved phosphates
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37) Which ecological cycle is directly driven by sunlight? a. Hydrologic b. Phosphorus c. Nitrogen d. Sulphur
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38) The SO2 is returned to the atomsphere by: a. Metabolism of producers b. Metabolism of consumers c. Both (a) & (b) d. Combustion of fuel
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39) According to Odum the light absorbed by the plant cover in terms of kcal/m2/day is: a. 150 b. 1,500 c. 300 d. 3,000
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40) Hydrological cycle is under the control of: a. Grasslands b. Forests c. Planktons d. Epiphytes
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41) The maximum amount of CO2 fixed by green plants by way of photosynthesis in a year is: a. 9 x 1013 kg b. 8 x 1012 kg c. 9 x 1011 kg d. 8 x 1010 kg
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42) The sulphate rocks are formed in ocean by leaching of: a. FeS and Fe2S3 b. Organic sulphates and -SH c. Soluble inorganic sulphates d. All of these
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43) Mark the incorrect statement with reference to carbon cycle: a. Lime rocks contribute to CO2 of water b. Atmospheric CO2 gets dissolved in water c. CO2 is returned by combustion of fuel d. 75% of total carbon lies in geological component
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44) If we completely remove the decomposers from an ecosysters, its functioning will be adversely affected because: a. Herbivores will not receive solar energy b. Rate of decomposition of other component will be very high c. Mineral movement will be blocked d. Energy flow will be blocked
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45) Ecosystem receives nitrogen from outside through: a. Biological nitrogen fixation b. Electrification of nigrogen c. Industries d. All the above
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46) One of the major difficulties in the biological control of insect pests is that: a. The predator develops a preference to other diets and may itself become a pest b. They do not always survive when transferred to a new environment c. The method is less effective as compared to the use of insecticides d. The practical difficulty in introducing the predator to specific area
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47) Niche of a species in an ecosystem refers to its: a. Place of occurrence b. Competitive ability c. Centre of origin d. Function at its place of occurrence
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48) Energy transfer from one trophic level to other in a food chain is: a. 1% b. 2% c. 10% d. 20%
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49) The transfer of energy from one trophic level to another is governed by the 2nd law of thermodynamics. The average efficiency of energy transfer from nerbivores to carnivores is: a. 25% b. 50% c. 10% d. 5%
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50) Which one of the following pairs is a sedimentary type of biogeochemical cycle? a. Oxygen and nitrogen b. Phosphorus and sulphur c. Phosphorus and CO2 d. Phosphours and nitrogen
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