Aircraft Design Mcqs - Set 10

1)   For large passenger aircraft, floor should be supported by braces at lower part of the fuselage.

a. True
b. False
Answer  Explanation 

ANSWER: False

Explanation:
Typically, it is not advised to use such arrangements. If this type of arrangement is used then, it may affect the safety of aircraft at the time of the crash. Hence, it should be avoided.


2)   Location of landing gear should be such that _____________

a. they wouldn’t rip open fuel tanks at the time of crash
b. they would rip open fuel tanks
c. they must rip open fuel tank during crash
d. with less crashworthiness
Answer  Explanation 

ANSWER: they wouldn’t rip open fuel tanks at the time of crash

Explanation:
Gears should be placed such that they would not rip open fuel tank at the time of crash. Location should be selected by considering crashworthiness as well. If location is not adequate then, it will damage to crashworthiness properties of our design.


3)   Which of the following is correct?

a. We should avoid placing heavy items behind or above people
b. Lift is always same as weight
c. Drag is always same as thrust
d. Heavy items can be placed as we want
Answer  Explanation 

ANSWER: We should avoid placing heavy items behind or above people

Explanation:
Lift is not always same as weight. Drag is not necessarily to be same as thrust. Heavy items should be placed as per structural and crashworthiness considerations. Heavy items should not be placed behind or above people or passenger compartment.


4)   Which of the following is incorrect?

a. Designer should not worry about crashworthiness
b. Designer should worry about crashworthiness
c. Careful and adequate design can improve crashworthiness
d. Redundant system can be used during failure
Answer  Explanation 

ANSWER: Designer should not worry about crashworthiness

Explanation:
Designer should worry about crashworthiness of design. Crashworthiness design can be adopted in order to improve safety. We can use a redundant system to improve the crashworthiness.


5)   Aircraft production cost is related to _____________

a. weight, size, material, etc
b. weight only
c. size only
d. material only
Answer  Explanation 

ANSWER: weight, size, material, etc

Explanation:
Aircraft production cost is based on its weight, material used, its size and volume etc. Production cost is affected by number of processes, sub-assembly etc. Only weight is not responsible for cost.


6)   Aircraft production cost can be reduced by using _____________

a. flat wrap surfaces
b. non-flat surface
c. more forging processes
d. welding only on non-flat surfaces
Answer  Explanation 

ANSWER: flat wrap surfaces

Explanation:
Flat wrap surface is used to reduce the effort and cost of the structure. In flat wrapping, we can directly wrap a sheet on our surface. This can significantly lower the aircraft production cost.


7)   _____________ are one of the most expensive type of structure in general.

a. Forging
b. Lifting only
c. Non-lifting only
d. Only high speed bodies
Answer  Explanation 

ANSWER: Forging

Explanation:
Forgings are considered as most expensive type of structure. Whenever a high load is passing through small area might require forgings. Forgings are used in wing-sweep pivots, landing gear struts etc.


8)   To simplify routing requirements we can provide _____________

a. routing tunnels
b. structural break
c. reducing lift at cruise
d. increasing cruise weight
Answer  Explanation 

ANSWER: routing tunnels

Explanation:
To simplify the routing we can provide a routing tunnel. Structural break or cut out is based on structural requirements. Cruise lift has no direct effect for given problem of routing.


9)   Careful placement of the internal components can reduce routing cost.

a. True
b. False
Answer  Explanation 

ANSWER: True

Explanation:
We can improve routing cost by properly placing internal components. For example, avionics and crew station will both need cooling air. Hence, if we locate environmental control system near to them then, we can lower the routing distance and as a result, we can reduce cost as well.


10)   To reduce production cost there should be _____________

a. commonality of parts
b. more forging
c. increment in forge and labour requirements
d. decrease commonality of parts
Answer  Explanation 

ANSWER: commonality of parts

Explanation:
Commonality of parts will reduce the production cost. An increase in forgings will increase cost. Forge and labour requirements will increase the cost as well.


11)   Which of the following is correct?

a. If possible, designer should omit unnecessary part to reduce cost
b. Lift is always same as weight of the aircraft
c. Producibility concern should not be used at all
d. Only forging process will affect cost
Answer  Explanation 

ANSWER: If possible, designer should omit unnecessary part to reduce cost

Explanation:
By omitting unnecessary parts, we can reduce weight, material etc. to reduce the weight. Weight is not always same as lift. Producibility concern is used to reduce overall cost. Forging only will not affect cost. Cost is based on weight, materials etc.


12)   Tight internal packaging will ease the process of routing.

a. True
b. False
Answer  Explanation 

ANSWER: False

Explanation:
Tight internal packaging will make routing complex. Hence, to ease the routing and components installation we should avoid tight internal packaging. Routing can be more simplified by using the proper routing tunnel.


13)   What is Maintainability?

a. The ease with which the aircraft can be fixed
b. The ease with which the aircraft can sustain damage
c. Vulnerability
d. RCS detection
Answer  Explanation 

ANSWER: The ease with which the aircraft can be fixed

Explanation:
Maintainability is defined as the ease with which the aircraft can be repaired or fixed. Vulnerability is related to damage taken. RCS detection is nothing but radar detection.


14)   R&M are measured in?

a. Maintenance man-hours per flight hour
b. Vulnerable area
c. RCS of system
d. Maintenance and research
Answer  Explanation 

ANSWER: Maintenance man-hours per flight hour

Explanation:
Reliability and maintainability or R&M are often used together. It is measured in Maintenance man-hours per flight hour (MMH/FH). MMH/FH varies with the type of aircraft. For small aircraft, it is typically less than 1.


15)   What is the Major Key parameter of maintainability?

a. Accessibility
b. Survival
c. RCS
d. Vulnerability
Answer  Explanation 

ANSWER: Accessibility

Explanation:
Maintainability will be affected by accessibility. Survival is characteristic of vulnerability consideration. RCS is a term used in radar detection. Vulnerability is based on combat damage.


16)   Which of the following is correct?

a. Large doors should be provided for the avionics system
b. Avionics systems should be not accessible at all
c. Accessible parts cannot be considered maintainability
d. Lift is always same as weight during ground maintenance
Answer  Explanation 

ANSWER: Large doors should be provided for the avionics system

Explanation:
Large should be provided for avionics system as this would allow maintenance engineer to reach there with ease. Accessibility of parts is one of the major requirement and factor which affect overall maintainability of the aircraft.


17)   Best access should be given to components which require often maintenance.

a. True
b. False
Answer  Explanation 

ANSWER: True

Explanation:
Accessibility is defined as the required effort done in order to reach a particular component. It shows whether the component is easily reachable or not. Hence, if a component requires often maintenance then, we should provide best access to that component.


18)   Engine access doors should be such that?

a. They allow most of the engine to be exposed for maintenance
b. Only tiny part of engine is exposed during maintenance
c. They don’t allow maintenance at all
d. No provision is made for them; we need to dissemble the whole engine
Answer  Explanation 

ANSWER: They allow most of the engine to be exposed for maintenance

Explanation:
Engine doors should be such that they allow most of the engine to get exposed during maintenance. This will reduce the effort of removing other components. Therefore, it will improve maintainability considerations of the engine.


19)   Which of the following can be considered as the worst feature of an aircraft in terms of maintainability?

a. Requirements of removing number of major structural elements
b. Easily reachable parts
c. Easily accessible parts
d. More accessibility is provided for components
Answer  Explanation 

ANSWER: Requirements of removing number of major structural elements

Explanation:
Easily accessible and reachable parts are primary requirement of maintainability considerations. Accessibility directly affects the effort and maintainability of an aircraft. If a design requires removal of major structural elements to access the component then, it is considered as the worst design based on maintainability.


20)   What is the goal of preventive maintenance?

a. To reduce breakdowns of critical equipment
b. To increase breakdowns of critical equipment
c. Increase equipment failure
d. Not to provide maintenance at a given period of time
Answer  Explanation 

ANSWER: To reduce breakdowns of critical equipment

Explanation:
Maintenance can be divided into different types. Preventive is one of the type of maintenance. It is done with the goal of reducing critical equipment breakdown. It is done periodically and very well planned.


21)   What is corrective maintenance?

a. Maintenance of equipment after failure or break down
b. Maintenance before break down
c. Pre break down maintenance
d. Scheduled maintenance
Answer  Explanation 

ANSWER: Maintenance of equipment after failure or break down

Explanation:
Corrective maintenance is done after breakdown or failure. Maintenance done before breakdown is called preventive maintenance. Scheduled maintenance is similar to preventive.


22)   What is preventive maintenance?

a. Maintenance done before breakdown of component
b. Unscheduled maintenance
c. Same as corrective maintenance
d. Not a valid type of maintenance
Answer  Explanation 

ANSWER: Maintenance done before breakdown of component

Explanation:
When maintenance is done at given pre-defined period of time, before breakdown then it is called preventive maintenance. It has goal to reduce breakdown of components. Unscheduled is not done at pre-defined time.


23)   Crew station design is affected by?

a. Vision requirements
b. Lift only
c. Weight effects only
d. Drag required only
Answer  Explanation 

ANSWER: Vision requirements

Explanation:
Vision requirements are one of the primary factor affecting overall crew station or cockpit design. Lift affects aerodynamics of the aircraft. Weight will affect lift requirements.


24)   Which of the following is correct?

a. Vision requirements will be used to determine location of cockpit
b. Crew station design is based on lift only
c. Cockpit design is not affected by visual requirements
d. Weight will be always same as lift
Answer  Explanation 

ANSWER: Vision requirements will be used to determine location of cockpit

Explanation:
Unobstructed outside vision will be used to evaluate design of cockpit. Vision requirements will affect the location of cockpit as well. Weight is not always same as lift.


25)   Why some slope is provided at the nose of an aircraft?

a. To provide unobstructed runway vision
b. To provide obstruction to vision
c. Only to increase lift
d. Only to reduce weight
Answer  Explanation 

ANSWER: To provide unobstructed runway vision

Explanation:
A cockpit design is highly affected by pilot’s vision requirements. The Pilot must be able to view the runway when they are on final approach. Hence, to provide unobstructed runway vision nose of the a/c must slope away from the eye of pilot.


26)   Which of the following is incorrect?

a. Lofting is mathematical model for skin
b. Cockpit is always located directly above the wing
c. Conceptual design is first phase of the design process
d. Cockpit design is affected by visual requirements of pilot
Answer  Explanation 

ANSWER: Cockpit is always located directly above the wing

Explanation:
Cockpit is not always located at the wing. Lofting is done to provide mathematical model of our aircraft. Conceptual design is the first phase of aircraft design process. In conceptual design we will be dealing with some fundamental principles of design of an aircraft.


27)   Over- side vision requirements prevent locating the cockpit directly above wings.

a. True
b. False
Answer  Explanation 

ANSWER: True

Explanation:
Over-side vision requirements will not let us to locate the cockpit directly above wings. Location of cockpit is highly influenced by vision requirements. Safety criteria is also used to estimating and placing the cockpit.


28)   Which range of pilot size are used to design a typical military aircraft?

a. Size from 0th to 2nd percentile
b. Size of 3rd percentile always
c. Size from 5th to 95th percentile for male pilots
d. Size doesn’t concern of design
Answer  Explanation 

ANSWER: Size from 5th to 95th percentile for male pilots

Explanation:
Typically, cockpit of an aircraft is designed for particular size range of pilot. A typical military aircraft has cockpit design which can accommodate 5th to 95th percentile of male pilots.


29)   Determine approximate value of approach angle if, overnose angle is 20° and approach speed is 100knots.

a. 13°
b.
c.
d.
Answer  Explanation 

ANSWER: 13°

Explanation:
Given, overnose angle O = 20°, approach speed V = 200knots.
Now, Approach angle A is given by,
A = O – 0.07*V = 20 – 0.07*200 = 13°.


30)   Seat reference point is the point where?

a. Seat pan meets the back
b. Pilot head is located
c. Lift is concentrated
d. Weight is carried out in cockpit
Answer  Explanation 

ANSWER: Seat pan meets the back

Explanation:
The point at where seat pan meets back is termed as seat reference point. It can be used to define fundamental terms in cockpit design. Legroom requirement, height etc. are using seat reference point as a reference.


31)   Overnose angle is defined based on?

a. Seat reference point
b. Seat length
c. CG of aircraft
d. Pilot’s eye point
Answer  Explanation 

ANSWER: Pilot’s eye point

Explanation:
Pilot’s eye point is used to define the overnose angle. Grazing angle, pilot’s head clearance is also defined by using pilot’s eye point. Seat reference point can be used to provide reference to legroom.


32)   Higher seat back angle (>60°) will result in __________

a. improvement to withstand high- g loads
b. drag increment
c. outside vision improvement
d. maximum drag
Answer  Explanation 

ANSWER: improvement to withstand high- g loads

Explanation:
Typically, seat back angle can vary from 12° to 40°. However, some more advanced studies consider seat back angle of up to 70-75 degrees. This is much higher seat back angle will improve pilot’s ability to withstand high g turns.


33)   Overnose vision angle will be same for all aircrafts.

a. True
b. False
Answer  Explanation 

ANSWER: True

Explanation:
No, overnose angle is not always same for all aircrafts. Typically, military aircraft requires overnose of 17 degree for transport or bomber aircraft. However, a fighter will have overnose vision of 10-15 degrees.


34)   Which of the following is correct?

a. Overnose angle = (approach angle)2 + 7*approach speed (in knots)
b. Overnose angle = approach angle + 0.07*approach speed (in knots)
c. Overnose angle = (approach angle)2
d. Approach angle = (Overnose angle)2
Answer  Explanation 

ANSWER: Overnose angle = approach angle + 0.07*approach speed (in knots)

Explanation:
Correct relation between overnose angle and approach angle is given by, Overnose angle = approach angle + 0.07*approach speed (in knots). This equation can be used only when initial layout is completed and we know the exact location of pilot’s eye point and main landing gear.


35)   A typical a/c has approach speed of 100 knots. If approach angle is 10° then, estimate value of overnose angle.

a. 25°
b. 10°
c. 17°
d. 40°
Answer  Explanation 

ANSWER: 17°

Explanation:
Given, approach speed V=100knots, approach angle a=10°.
Now, overnose angle = a+0.07*V = 10 + 0.07*100 = 17°.


36)   What is the grazing angle?

a. Same as over nose angle
b. Smallest angle between pilot’s line of vision and the cockpit windscreen
c. Seat back angle
d. Seat reference angle
Answer  Explanation 

ANSWER: Smallest angle between pilot’s line of vision and the cockpit windscreen

Explanation:
The transparency grazing angle is defined as the smallest angle between pilot’s line of vision and the cockpit windscreen. It is not same as the overnose angle. Seat reference point is defined as the point where seat pan meets back.


37)   Passenger cabin is defined by ________

a. pitch, headroom, aisle, etc
b. pitch only
c. headroom only
d. aisle only
Answer  Explanation 

ANSWER: pitch, headroom, aisle, etc

Explanation:
Passenger cabin is defined by using number of factors such as pitch, headroom, aisle etc. Each factor will be used to determine cabin layout. Only pitch or headroom or only aisle cannot be used for layout.


38)   Pitch is defined as ___________

a. Height of seat
b. Height of seat minus height of next respective seat
c. Length of one seat plus height of seat
d. Distance from the back of one seat to the back of next respective seat
Answer  Explanation 

ANSWER: Distance from the back of one seat to the back of next respective seat

Explanation:
Seat pitch is defined as the distance from the back of one seat to back of the next respective seat. Height of seat is defined from floor. By properly considering pitch of seat we can alter the number of seats in passenger cabin.


39)   What is the headroom?

a. Height of seat
b. Vertical distance from the floor to the roof cover seat
c. Height of seat measured height of next respective seat
d. Length of one seat plus height of seat
Answer  Explanation 

ANSWER: Vertical distance from the floor to the roof cover seat

Explanation:
Headroom is height measured from floor to roof over seat. Headroom is one of the fundamental factor which can affect overall layout of passenger cabin. A typical commercial economy class will include headroom of more than 60in.


40)   What do you mean by aisle?

a. Passage between two rows
b. Height of seat from floor
c. Height of seat measured height of next respective seat
d. Length of one seat plus height of seat of second row
Answer  Explanation 

ANSWER: Passage between two rows

Explanation:
Aisle is nothing but passage between 2 rows of seats. Aisle can be used to determine a typical number of seat rows in passenger compartment of the aircraft.